Risk Factors for Depression

• Female Sex

• Family History, Genetics

• Low income status, poverty

• Discrimination based on sex, race, religion, sexual orientation

• Victim of gendered abuse/violence (childhood, sexual, domestic)

• Domestic Roles, Lack of personal control over life

• Having young children (under age 7), poor childcare support

• Caregiver stress

• Psychological Factors (Low self-esteem, Poor coping skills)

• Social isolation, lack of strong friendship network, lack of spiritual grounding

• History of Substance Use/Abuse

• Low educational level

• Unemployment, low prestige job, hazardous work environment

• Disrupted marital status

• Grief, loss

• Poor physical health

• Culture

• Other co-morbidities (anxiety, substance abuse, stroke, CNS disorders, dementia, cardiovascular disease, HIV, cancer, chronic illness, disability, etc.)