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References for this Section

1. Rector TS, Tschumperlin LK, Kubo SH, Bank AJ, Francis GS, McDonald KM, et al. Use of living with heart failure questionnaire to ascertain patients’ perspectives on improvement in quality of life versus risk of drug-induced death. J Card Fail 1995;1:201-6.

2. Riedinger MS, Dracup KA, Brecht ML, Padilla G, Sarna L, for the SOLVD investigators, and Patricia A Ganz. Quality of life in patients with heart failure: Do gender differences exist? Heart Lung. 2001;30(2):105-16.

3. Martensson J, Karlsson J-E, Fridlund B.Female patients with congestive heart failure: how they conceive their life situation. J Adv Nurs 1998;28:1216 –24.

4. Friedman MM.Str essors and perceived stress in older women with heart disease.Car diovasc Nurs 1993;29:25 –9.

5. Evangelista LS, Kagawa-Singer M, Dracup K.Gender differences in health perceptions and meaning in persons living with heart failure.Heart Lung 2001;30:167 –76.

6. Stromberg A, Martensson J. Gender differences in patients with heart failure. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2003;2:7-18.

7. Krumholz HM, Butler J, Miller J, Vaccarino J, Williams C, Mendes de Leon C, Seeman T, Kasl S, Berkman L.Pr ognostic importance of emotional support for elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure.Cir culation 1998;97:958 –64.

8. Clarke KW, Gray D, Hampton JR.Evidence of inadequate investigation and treatment of patients with heart failure.Br Heart J 1994;71:584 –7.

9. Ekman I, Ehrenberg A. Fatigue in chronic heart failure - does gender make a difference. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 1. 2002:77-82.

10. Lipowski Z. Physical illness, the individual and the coping process. Psychiatry Med 1985;1:91.

11. Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S.A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure.New Engl J Med 1991;325:303 –10.

12. Garg R, Yusuf S, for the Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitors Trials S.Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in heart failure.JAMA 1995;273:1450 –6.

13. CONSENSUS trial study group.Effect of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure.N Engl J Med 1987;316:1429 –35.

14. Martensson J, Karlsson J-E, Fridlund B.Male patients with congestive heart failure and their conceptions of the life situation.J Adv Nurs 1997;2:579 –86.

15. Martensson J, Karlsson J-E, Fridlund B.Female patients with congestive heart failure: how they conceive their life situation. J Adv Nurs 1998;28:1216 –24.

16. Kornstein SG. Gender differences in depression: implications for treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58 Supp 15:S12–8.

17. Vaccarino V, Kasl SV, Abramson J, Krumholz HM. Depressive symptoms and risk of functional decline and death in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:199–205.

18. Murberg TA, Bru E. Social relationships and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. J Psychosom Res 2001;5:521–7.

19. Majani G, Pierobon A, Giardini A, et al. Relationship between psychological profile and cardiological variables in chronic heart failure: the role of patient subjectivity. Eur Heart J 1999;20:1579–86.

20. Sullivan M, Simon G, Spertus J, Russo J. Depression-related costs in heart failure care. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1860–6.

21. Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, et al. Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1849–56.

22. Skotzko CE, Krichten C, Zietowski G, et al. Depression is common and precludes accurate assessment of functional status in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 2000;6:300–5.