Gender Disparities (I)

References for this Activity

1. Lee WY, Capra AM, Jesvold NG, Gurwitz JH, Go AS, for the Epidemiology, Practice, Outcomes, and Cost of Heart Failure (EPOCH) Study. Gender and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:1147-1152.

2. Philbin EF, DiSalvo TG.Influence of race and gender on care process, resource use and outcomes in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:76-81.

3. Clarke KW, Gray D, Hampton JR.Evidence of inadequate investigation and treatment of patients with heart failure.Br Heart J 1994;71:584-7.

4. Burns RB, McCarthy EP, Moskowitz MA, Ash A, Kane RL, Finch M.Outcomes for older men and women with congestive heart failure.J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:276-80.

5. Philbin EF, DiSalvo TG.Influence of race and gender on care process, resource use and outcomes in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:76-81.

6. Mejhert M, Holmgren J, Wandell P, Persson H, Edner M. Diagnostic tests, treatment and follow-up in heart failure patients—is there a gender bias in the coherence to guidelines? Eur J Heart Fail 1999;1:407-10.

1.	Men are more likely to present with dyspnea on exertion, fatigue and edema
	True False

2.	Women present with a wider range of symptoms than men
	True False

3.	Women are more often diagnosed and treated by general practitioners than specialists compared with men
	True False

4.	Men and women often receive different levels of investigation with regards to diagnostic tools and procedures
	True False

5.	Men are more likely to present with preserved left ventricular systolic function
	True False

6.	Men more frequently receive diagnostic work up with exercise stress tests, Holter monitoring, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculograms than women
	True False

Gender Disparities (I)

Gender Disparities (II)